Corn is a cereal crop grown around the world and grows in warm weather and usually matures in late summer. Corn’s varieties are directly used for food and animal feed or processed to make food and feed ingredients (such as high fructose corn syrup, corn starch and lysine) or industrial products such as ethanol and polylactic acid. Sugar is produced by more than 120 countries in the World and its total global production exceeds 165 million tons per year. The main source of sugar is Cane with over 80% of the global sugar produced from sugar cane, grown in tropical countries.The rest of sugar is produced from sugar beet, grown mostly in the northern hemisphere. The 10 largest sugar producing nations represent about 75% of world sugar production with Brazil alone producing fourth of the world production. Coffeeafter crude oil is the most wanted commodity in the world. Coffee is grown in over 50 countries in Asia, Africa, South America, Central America and the Caribbean and usually no more than 1000 miles from the equator. There are the two main commercially grown coffee beans Arabica and Robusta. Arabica is the more common type of bean grown (70 percent of coffee is Arabica) and it is considered to have more flavour whilst Robusta is stronger and mostly used in production of instant coffee. The Cocoa tree (Theobroma Cacao) is grown in the tropics in a band between 10 to 20 degrees north and south of the equator , sometimes called the “Cocoa Belt”. There are four major types of cacao being cultivated: Criollo, Forastero, Trinitario and Nacional. The flavor of the cacao beans is not only dependent on the variety, but also on the soil, temperature, sunshine and rainfall.

An Ore is a naturally occurring material in shape of rock which contains a metal compound. When extracted from the mine ore is typically crushed, ground and run through a beneficiation process to produce enriched ore called Concentrate. One of the most widely used ore beneficiation process is called froth flotation where the minerals are separated from each other. The chemical modification enables the mineral particles to attach to an air bubble in the flotation cell and rise through the pulp towards the surface of the froth. The mineral is then physically separated from the remaining pulp material and removed for further processing.The economics of extracting and further processing of a particular ore are changing with the time as some metals are becoming very rare and despite the cost of their extraction they are currently being mined when it was previously considered too expensive.

The basic materials used in production of steel are iron ore, coking coal, limestone and dolomite. Iron ore are rocks found in the form of hematite or magnetite which are mined and crushed into small particles. Almost all worlds iron ore production is used for making of iron and steel. The coking coal is crushed, screened, and heated in the coke oven to produce high carbon coke for use in the blast furnace and its high level of heat releases iron from iron ore and other impurities. Limestone main function is to remove impurities from molten ironby chemical reaction in which limestone acts like flux causing impurities to melt at low temperature and mixing with impurities forming slag which floats over the molten iron. The above mentioned basic materials are fed into the blast furnace from the top whilst the heated and pressurised air is blown from the below causing chemical reaction in which the iron being extracted from the iron ore resulting in molten metal or liquid iron ore.Further processing of the molten metal is required as it contains small amount of carbon and other impurities through basic oxygen furnace where the carbon content and impurities are reduced resulting in liquid steel. The liquid steel is then cast into various shapes, forms and sizes for further production using rolling mills.

Petroleum is formed by hydrocarbons and it is a complex mixture of organic liquids called Crude Oil and natural gas, which occurs naturally in the ground. Crude oil varies from oilfield to oilfield in colour and composition, can be clear, green or black and may be either thin like gasoline or heavy black like tar. Crude oil is extracted from the ground, land or the see bed, by drilling an oil well from where it is transported by pipeline and/or ship to refineries where their components are processed into various refined products. Fuel Oil is obtained from petroleum distillation as a distillate or a residue. Fuel oil can be classified as any liquid petroleum product that is used for burning in a furnace or boiler for the purpose of heat generation or power generation.Heating Oil is also a liquid product derived from petroleum distillation as a by-product of crude oil and is used to fuel furnaces in homes or buildings and it is delivered by tanker trucks. Petroleum, along with oil and coal, is classified as a fossil fuel. Coal the most abundant fossil fuel is a combustible, sedimentary, organic rock, which is composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Coal is an affordable source of energy and it is very important commodity in meeting the demand for a secure energy supply; over 40% of the global electricity production is based on coal.

Bauxite is a mixture of aluminium oxide and iron oxide and it is the primary source of aluminium. When mixed with Caustic Soda and heated under pressure (Bayer process) it becomes Aluminium Hydroxide, which after washing and heating (calcining) converts into pure aluminium oxide called Alumina. Electrolysis transforms alumina into aluminium; this is a smelting process that involves two metal electrodes being submerged into a molten material containing positive and negative ions, one electrode is a positive terminal (anode) and the other electrode is a negative terminal (cathode).Baked Anodes are made from the mixture of Calcined Petroleum Coke (made by calcination of Green Petroleum Coke ) and binding material called Coal Tar Pitch. Alumina is dissolved into molten cryolite at 1,000 degrees C. Cryolite (Crushed Bath) and Aluminium Fluoride are added to lower the temperature of the electrolysis and to increase the conductivity of the molten material in the cell (pot). When electrical current passes through the molten material at the cathode end aluminium ions are reduced to aluminium metal and at the anode end carbon is oxidized to form carbon dioxide gas. Finally molten aluminium sinks to the bottom of the pot and is drained through a plug.

Non-ferrous metals are used in a wide variety of applications. They are light materials well-suited for use where strength is required as in the aircraft or canning industries and as they contain very little iron the non-ferrous metals have a higher resistance to rust and corrosion. They are also non-magnetic which makes them perfect for use in small electronics and for electricalal wiring. Aluminium is the most widely used non-ferrous metal. Aluminium Alloy is commonly known for its use in aluminium foils, beverage cans, transportation, construction, etc. Other non-ferrous metals are also widely used, Copper for electrical wiring, Lead for batteries. Nickel and Tin are used to strengthen and harden the metal alloys and Zinc is used to coat and protect more reactive metals.

ELBERT TRADING LIMITED and its Group of Companies are global suppliers of diverse raw materials, non-ferrous and ferrous metals to a wide range of industrial consumers. Since our formation, we recognised the importance of delivering reliable performance and providing each of our industrial consumers with the highest level of service. We invest in, produce and supply raw materials used by the non-ferrous industry, raw materials used for aluminium, copper, zinc, lead and nickel production.

With our diversified commodity portfolio we serve a broad range of end-use applications. The timely delivery of the commodities is essential for our customers, to ensure this we use our large global logistic network of sea and land transportation. We also supply a number of international customers in industries associated with oil based products, fertilizer products, coal, metallurgical and foundry coke, iron ore and many other important commodities…